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Pashto (Naskh: پښتو - [paʂˈto]; also transliterated Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto, Pashtu, or Pushtu), also known as Afghani, is an Indo-Iranian language spoken primarily by the Pashtun people in Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan, as well as by the Pashtun diaspora across the globe.
Pashto belongs to the Eastern Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian language family. The number of Pashto speakers is estimated to be around 40 million people world wide. The Constitution of Afghanistan declares Pashto as one of the two official languages of the country, the other being Dari.
In Afghanistan, Pashto is primarily spoken in the east, south and southwest, but also in some northern, western and northwestern parts of the country. No exact numbers are available, but according to "A survey of the Afghan people - Afghanistan in 2006", Pashto is the first language of approximately 56% of the population, while additional 27% know and understand the language (combined 83%). The CIA Factbook estimates that 56% of the population speak Pashto as their first language but Ethnologue states 56% to 86%.
Pashto is spoken in neighboring Pakistan by about 25.42% of the total population, mainly in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and in northwestern Balochistan, as well as in parts of Mianwali and Attock districts of the Punjab province. Modern Pashto-speaking communities are also found in the cities of Karachi and Hyderabad in Sindh. With close to 7 million ethnic Pashtuns by some estimates, Karachi has the largest Pashtun population in the world.
Other communities of Pashto speakers are found in northeastern Iran, primarily in South Khorasan Province to the east of Qaen, near the Afghan border, and in TajikistanThere are also Pashtun communities in the southwestern part of Jammu and Kashmir as well as in Uttar Pradesh, India.
Sizable Pashto-speaking communities also exist in the Middle East, especially in the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, as well as in the United States, United Kingdom, Thailand, Canada, Germany, Netherland, Sweden, Qatar and Australia.
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